The main difference between ferrous and non-ferrous castings lies in the composition of the alloys used in the casting process.
- Ferrous Castings: Ferrous castings are made from alloys that primarily contain iron as the base metal. The most common ferrous alloys used in casting are various grades of cast iron and steel. Cast iron contains a higher percentage of carbon (typically 2-4%) compared to steel, which gives it different properties such as excellent castability, wear resistance, and high damping capacity. Steel alloys, on the other hand, have a lower carbon content and are known for their strength, toughness, and versatility.
Ferrous castings are widely used in applications where strength, durability, and resistance to wear and heat are essential. Examples include automotive engine components, machinery parts, pipes, and structural components in construction.
- Non-Ferrous Castings: Non-ferrous castings are made from alloys that do not contain iron as the base metal. Instead, they are primarily composed of other metals such as aluminum, copper, zinc, magnesium, and various other alloys. Non-ferrous alloys have different properties depending on the specific metal or combination of metals used.
Non-ferrous castings are known for their lightweight, excellent corrosion resistance, electrical and thermal conductivity, and ease of machining. They are often used in applications where weight reduction, conductivity, or resistance to corrosion is important. Examples include automotive parts, aerospace components, electrical connectors, plumbing fittings, and decorative items.
In summary, the key difference between ferrous and non-ferrous castings is the base metal composition. Ferrous castings primarily use iron-based alloys such as cast iron and steel, while non-ferrous castings use alloys made from metals other than iron, such as aluminum, copper, zinc, and magnesium. The choice between ferrous and non-ferrous castings depends on the desired properties, application requirements, and cost considerations.